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| === 2012 version with Xubuntu 12.04=== | | === 2012 version with Xubuntu 12.04=== |
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| NB! not finished yet, but:
| | ====Clone image to (new) disk==== |
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| | Make a new bootable disk from existing image: |
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| | Use '''clone-xubuntu''' and '''clone-databar''' on smr24 (room 011) as root in /root, where available images are in the ''images'' subdirectory. |
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| ====Make new boot image==== | | ====Make new boot image==== |
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| umount disk | | umount disk |
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| ====Clone image to (new) disk====
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| Make a new bootable disk from existing image:
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| * put the destination disk on the system (if not already there), list disk devices:
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| ls /dev/sd*
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| /dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb /dev/sdb1
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|
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| * use df to which disks are mounted (e.g. /dev/sda1 is mounted at /) :
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| df
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| Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
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| /dev/sda1 55805420 50781108 2228604 96% /
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| * Use fdisk -l /dev/sdb1 to see if it has the expected size.
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| * reformat the disk (using all space (the first '1,,' - except 1st sector that is needed by grub) for a linux partition (the L), and bootable (the*):
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| sudo bash
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| echo "1,,L,*" | sfdisk -L /dev/sdb
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| * make ext4 filesystem of the new partition
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| mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
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| * mount the new partition
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| mount /dev/sdb1 disk
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| * now write the image to the partition (this takes several minutes)
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| cd disk
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| tar -xzf ../image/smrXubuntu20120715.tar.gz
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|
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| * now to the boot sector part - this may be optimized
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| * as it should refer to the new system, then chroot is needed
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| * and maybe some remount of system file-systems is needed too:
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| for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys /run; do sudo mount -B $i /mnt$i
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| mount -B /dev dev
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| mount -B /dev/pts dev/pts
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| mount -B /proc proc
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| mount -B /sys sys
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| mount -B /run run
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| * then engage the new system as the root filesystem and install grub from here
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| chroot .
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| grub-install /dev/sdb
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| * then you may check the result
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| grub-install --recheck /dev/sdb
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| * you may now halt the system and remove the new disk
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| halt
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|
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| =====problems observed=====
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| it seems like the first boot using the new disk fails to get wireless and nis (yp-bind) up and running, which results in that it is impossible to login.
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| A new reboot seems to solve the problem.
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| It maybe due to old data in /etc/mtab,
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| at the same time data in logfiles /var/log should maybe be removed from image
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| === New in 2011 version ===
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| In order to support both VIA Nehemiah and Intel Atom based platforms two kernels must be included in the smr flash image.
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| * 2.6.32.20-rtai supports multicore systems and hyperthreading
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| * 2.6.32.20-rtai-up supports single core systems and is optimized to the Via processors
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| A new clone script called <tt>multiclone</tt> must be used when this image is flashed. The script is in the root folder of rt15.
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| ==== Flash cloning procedure on rt15 ====
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| Via processors using CF-card flash-disks:
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| * Log in as root (If you don't know the password abort immediately)
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| * Insert the CF-card in the reader in the front of rt15.
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| * Check the device name the card is given: <tt>tail /var/log/messages</tt>. Usually it is <tt>/dev/sdb</tt>.
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| * Go to the image folder: <tt>cd image</tt>
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| * Locate the image you would like to burn (usually the newest one), for instance: <tt>flash-2011-01-01.tgz</tt>
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| * Start the procedure:
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| root@rt15:~# ../multiclone flash-2011-01-01.tgz /dev/sdb via
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| ''NB: Note the two dots in front of multiclone''
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| The procedure for cloning Intel Atom images is the same, except <tt>atom</tt> must be stated last in stead of <tt>via</tt> as in:
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| root@rt15:~# ../multiclone flash-2011-01-01.tgz /dev/sdb atom
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| === Old description ===
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| Some of the SMR's now have solid-state flash memory disks, instead of the laptop, 2.5" disks used on older models.
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| This wiki page contains some notes describing how to write a bootable flash disk image (Slackware Linux) to a memory card. It assumes a Linux PC with USB flash card reader/writer, available as /dev/sda.
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| The commands below is implemented in this script Clone script. Usage:
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| clone <from_file.tar.gz> <to device>
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| <to device> can be both the USB bus (/dev/sdx) or a IDE device (/dev/hdx)
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| The script will place a file .cloned-at on the Flash Disk with time information for the cloning.
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| If you put the Flash Disk on the IDE bus and the computer will not boot (LILO - Timestamp mismatch) then the MBR on the Flash Disk must be erased as follows:
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| dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hdx bs=1 count=512
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| Writing an image
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| Format the disk, with one large Linux partition:
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| sfdisk -L /dev/sda <<EOF
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| ,,L,*
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| EOF
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| Create a filesystem:
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| mke2fs /dev/sda1 -L /
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| Mount the new, empty partition:
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| mkdir -p /tmp/u
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| mount /dev/sda1 /tmp/u
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| Write a previously created image from flash.tar.gz
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| zcat flash.tar.gz |
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| tar --extract --file - --directory /tmp/u --preserve-permissions
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| Create a patched lilo.conf, so that we can run LILO with the flash card mounted via USB. (This won't be necessary if the image written above already contains such a file.)
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| patch -o /tmp/u/etc/lilo_usb.conf /tmp/u/etc/lilo.conf <<EOF
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| *** /tmp/u/etc/lilo.conf Tue Nov 4 21:34:44 2003
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| --- lilo_usb.conf Thu Dec 11 11:50:55 2003
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| ***************
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| *** 4,6 ****
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| # Start LILO global section
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| ! boot = /dev/hda
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| message = /boot/boot_message.txt
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| --- 4,7 ----
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| # Start LILO global section
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| ! boot = /dev/sda
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| ! disk = /dev/sda bios=0x80
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| message = /boot/boot_message.txt
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| EOF
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| Run LILO:
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| chroot /tmp/u lilo -v -C /etc/lilo_usb.conf
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| All done:
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| umount /dev/sda1
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| eject /dev/sda
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| Reading an image
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| Mount as above:
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| mkdir -p /tmp/u
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| mount /dev/sda1 /tmp/u
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| Read the partition:
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| tar --create --file - --directory /tmp/u --one-file-system --exclude lost+found . |
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| gzip > flash.tar.gz
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| or
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| tar -zcf - -C /tmp/u --one-file-system --exclude lost+found . > flash.tar.gz
| | ==Old description== |
| All done:
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| umount /dev/sda1
| | [[old disk cloning procedure]] |
| eject /dev/sda
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